1. C-Style Strings

• A C-string is just an array of characters ending with a null character '\\0'.

• Syntax:

  char name[6] = "Hello";  // size = 5 letters + '\\0'
  

• Limitation: fixed size, manual management, fewer built-in functions.

2. std::string (C++ Strings)

• Provided in <string>.

• Much easier to use → behaves like a dynamic array of characters.

• Syntax:

  string s = "Hello";
  

3. Common Operations

• Length:

  s.size() or s.length()

• Access characters:

  s[0], s.at(2)

• Concatenation:

  s + " World"

• Appending:

  s.push_back('!'); (for the C-Style)

  s += "!"; (for the std::string)

• Substrings:

  s.substr(start, length)

• Comparison:

  if(s1 == s2)

• Search:

  s.find("llo") → returns index or string::npos if not found

4. Input/Output